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Gastroenterology
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Alcoholic Fatty Liver : Article by Mohammad K Ismail, MD
Alcoholic Fatty Liver - Pathologic changes observed in patients with alcohol-induced liver disease can be divided into the following 3 groups: alcoholic fatty liver (simple steatosis), alcoholic hepatitis, and alcohol-related cirrhosis. Alcoholic fatty liver is an early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol ...
Alcoholic Hepatitis: eMedicine Gastroenterology
Overview: Alcoholic hepatitis is a syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury associated with long-term heavy intake of ethanol. The pathogenesis is not completely understood. Patients who are severely affected present with subacute onset of fever, hepatomegaly, leukocytosis, ...
Alcune immagini di endoscopia digestiva
The pages of the Links of Gastroscopy are operating (over 90 links with specialistic sites), 16 short movies of Digestive Endoscopy
Amebic Hepatic Abscesses : Article by Ildiko Lingvay, MD
Amebic Hepatic Abscesses - Amebic liver abscess is the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica infection. This infection is caused by the protozoa E histolytica, which ascends the portal venous system. Amebic liver abscess is an important cause of space-occupying lesions of the liver, mainly in developing countries. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of amebic liver abscess lead to improved morbidity and mortality ...
Amebic Hepatic Abscesses: eMedicine Gastroenterology
Overview: Amebic liver abscess is the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica infection. This infection is caused by the protozoa E histolytica, which ascends the portal venous system. Amebic liver abscess is an important cause of ...
An Overview of the Gastrointestinal System
Evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract requires careful history and physical examination techniques. Though sophisticated laboratory tests or radiographic or endoscopic procedures may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis of intra-abdominal pathology, the initial diagnosis is usually suspected from the history and reinforced by physical examination.
Anal Fissure
An anal fissure is a fairly common, painful condition in which the lining of the anal canal is torn. The anal canal is the last part of the rectum which ends at the anus. Stool passes through the anal canal and anus during a bowel movement. An anal fissure is caused by constipation or a forceful bowel movement, though a tight anus also may be a contributing factor. Once the skin is torn, each subsequent bowel movement can be painful, and the pain often is severe. There often is bleeding associated with the painful bowel movement. The amount of bleeding is small and may be noticed in the toilet bowl or on the toilet paper as bright red in color. The symptoms of an anal fissure are commonly mistaken for hemorrhoids, but hemorrhoids generally do not cause pain with bowel movements.
Anal fissure
An anal fissure is a crack or tear in the vertical axis of the squamous lining of the distal anal canal, immediately within the anal verge.
Anemia, Neutropenia, and Lactic Acidosis - Case Study
This 3 month old white female was referred to Children's Hospital with pancytopenia (pretransfusion hemoglobin = 5 g/dL), failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux, and increased irritability. Medications included folic acid, cimetidine, and metoclopramide.
Angiodysplasia of the Colon : Article by John Godino, MD
Angiodysplasia of the Colon - Phillips first described a vascular abnormality that caused bleeding from the large bowel in a letter to the London Medical Gazette in 1839. During the 1920s, neoplasms were considered the major source of GI hemorrhage. However, in the 1940s and 1950s, diverticular disease was recognized as an important source of bleeding. In 1951, Smith described active bleeding from a diverticulum visualized through a sigmoidoscope.Vascular abnormalities as a source of active bleeding were controversial. In 1960, ...
Angiodysplasia of the Colon: eMedicine Gastroenterology
Overview: Angiodysplasia is the most common vascular lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, and this condition may be asymptomatic, or it may cause gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.1 The vessel walls are thin, with little or no smooth muscle, ...
Anorectal Disease - Case Study
A 26 year old woman is referred for assessment and treatment of anal Crohn's disease which was first diagnosed four years ago. The patient had presented with periumbilical abdominal cramps, right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness and two to three loose, non-bloody bowel movements per day.
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
In healthy people, many different species of bacteria share the environment inside the bowel. Some are beneficial to the body, others are harmless, but a few have the potential to be aggressive troublemakers. Under normal circumstances, the "bad" bacteria are far outnumbered, and the bowel's natural ecological balance tends to keep them under control. All of this can change dramatically, however, when a person begins treatment with an antibiotic.
Antibiotic-associated colitis
Antibiotic-associated colitis is an inflammation of the intestines that sometimes occurs following antibiotic treatment and is caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium difficile.
Antro-duodenal Motility Study
An antro-duodenal motility study is a study that evaluates the ability of the muscles of the stomach and the first portion of the small intestines (duodenum) to contract. Conditions in which there is abnormal contraction of the muscles of the stomach and the small intestines are referred to as motility disorders.
Appendectomy
The appendix is a closed-ended, narrow tube that attaches to the cecum (the first part of the colon) like a worm. (The anatomical name for the appendix, vermiform appendix, means worm-like appendage.) The inner lining of the appendix produces a small amount of mucus that flows through the appendix and into the cecum. The wall of the appendix contains lymphatic tissue that is part of the immune system for making antibodies. Like the rest of the colon, the wall of the appendix also contains a layer of muscle
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the cecum, the beginning of the colon, on the lower right side of the abdomen. The appendix is not necessary for life, but it can become diseased. If untreated, an inflamed appendix can burst, causing infection and even death. Appendicitis can affect people at any age. It is most common in people ages 10 to 30.
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia
Assessment of effectiveness of different dosage regimens of pantoprazole in controlling symptoms and healing esophageal lesions of patients with mild erosive esophagitis
Articles of previous issues of Pediatric Surgery Update
During the past two decades motilities disorders of bowel function in infants and children have been distinguished with the help of histochemical, radiographics and manometric studies performed to patients. The surgeon is occasionally asked to render care to many of this unfortunate children in the hope that sphincterotomy, enterostomies, resections, and pull-through surgery can yield a cure or improvement of symptoms.
Ascites
Rapidly developing (acute) ascites can occur as a complication of trauma, perforated ulcer, appendicitis, or inflammation of the colon or other tube-shaped organ (diverticulitis). This condition can also develop when intestinal fluids, bile, pancreatic juices, or bacteria invade or inflame the smooth, transparent membrane that lines the inside of the abdomen (peritoneum). However, ascites is more often associated with liver disease and other long-lasting (chronic) conditions.
Ascites - Case Study
B.K. is a 56 year old male who has been a heavy drinker for most of his adult life. A year ago he consulted his family physician who suspected the presence of ascites on abdominal examination and referred him to the liver clinic.
Ascites : Article by Rahil Shah, MD
Ascites - The word ascites is of Greek origin (askos) and means bag or sac. Ascites describes the condition of pathologic fluid accumulation within the abdominal cavity. Healthy men have little or no intraperitoneal fluid, but women may normally have as much as 20 mL depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. This article focuses only on ascites associated with ...
