Well, on all humanitarian & humanity grounds let's just hope that the underlying life-saving functions of healthcare would not just simply end up as a mere luxury of the affordable ones to the pathetic extent that the indigent, poor and needy ones are simply and totally getting systematically deprived of it due to the very sheer reason of unaffordability.

http://www.healthlinks.net/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/1121/Is_Healthcare_a_right_or_a_res#Post1121

Side Effects of Neurological & Neurodegenerative Disorders of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) Caused By Antipsychotics / Neuroleptics – Full Details



Well as mentioned in my previous post about such dopamine antagonists medications of antipsychotics & neuroleptics which invariably and inevitably all carry such seriously irreversible cognitively-damaging neurological and neurodegenerative side effects of Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) that include such disastrously while irreversibly serious, and yet cognitive-impairing and miscellaneous movements disorders as akinesia , Tardive dyskinesia , akathisia , acute dystonic reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) , and in the worst case scenario, the seriously incurable neuro-degenerative disorder of pseudoparkinsonism such as the ones fully detailed through the weblinks below :



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist (Dopamine antagonist)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms (Extrapyramidal Symptoms)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia (Akathisia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardive_dyskinesia (Tardive Dyskinesia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia (Dystonia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinesia (Akinesia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoparkinsonism (Parkinsonism)

then such dopamine antagonist medications, given their irreversibly disastrous EPS side effects, hence should not be taken totally thoughtlessly unaware, especially in terms of their dosages, durations of treatments, etc, or maybe even unnecessarily in certain cases over the long-term without any discretionary precautions being taken at all against the potential manifestations of any of their disastrous neurological / neurodegenerative side effects as mentioned above.


And in all cases, such dopamine antagonist medications simply should not be overly relied upon to the point of sheer abuses . In short, it is simply undisputed that antipsychotics / neuroleptics alone are simply not the perfect or the only one & single solution to any cognitive disorders.


Whilst the ones attending to and treating these cognitively impaired persons, at least by their natural humanely moral responsibilities & medically ethical obligations should all be fully aware of such issue so as to do whatever they can to safeguard them against all these seriously irreversible cognitively-damaging neurological and neurodegenerative side effects of Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) at least on both humanity & humanitarian grounds.


Afterall, naturally and reasonably the tasks & duties of these medical personnel would be, such as naturally & reasonably expected by anyone, to do whatever they can on a well-informed and fully skillful & thoughtful basis to make sure that the medical conditions of these people they treat and attend to get better and better gradually from time to time and simply not from bad to worse.


Next, whilst such antipsychotics / neuroleptics remain essential in treating the related cognitively impaired ones, reasonably anyone would believe that as long as well-informed knowledge about both the upsides and downsides of these medications are known, whereby they are being used accordingly & solely for curative and therapeutic purposes with all the necessary precautions taken against the potential manifestations of their unwanted side effects at the same time, then the expected advantages derived from these medications would most probably outweigh their unexpected and undesirable disadvantages.

Follow-up : Dire Effects of Medication-caused Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)





In regard to the quotation above, please refer to the excerpts below:


Akathisia


Akathisia is closely related to dyskinesia. Akathisia is an extreme form of internal or external restlessness. It may be a complete inability to sit still, with an undeniable urge to be moving constantly. Or it may be an entirely inner feeling of jitteriness or shakiness. Akathisia can be exhausting and debilitating. In fact, severe akathisia may put an individual at risk for suicide, simply because it can be so unbearable.
Tardive akathisia refers to akathisia that occurs after long-term medication use, and may become permanent.

Dystonia


Dystonia is a muscle tension disorder involving very strong muscle contractions. These uncontrollable muscle contractions can cause unusual twisting of parts of the body, especially the neck. The condition can be extremely painful and can affect any part of the body, including the eyes. If it appears after several years of medication use, it is called "tardive dystonia," and may become permanent.


Other Extrapyramidal Symptoms
There are many more kinds of extrapyramidal symptoms. Sometimes, they resemble Parkinson's disease, with shuffling-type walking and unusual hand or finger movements. This is called "parkinsonism." Sometimes, the symptoms affect a person's ability to speak or may cause vocal tics (uncontrollable speech or other vocal sounds).


Dealing With Extrapyramidal Symptoms
It is important to know that there is help for extrapyramidal symptoms. Symptoms that appear early in treatment can be especially easy to deal with. Simply switching medications or adding a medication such as benztropine (Cogentin®) can be helpful. Since extrapyramidal symptoms can be distressing, it is important to let your healthcare provider know right away if you experience any of them.
Tardive symptoms (which appear late in treatment) may be relieved by stopping the antipsychotic medication or by adding medications to control the symptoms, although sometimes they become permanent. The best way to prevent them from becoming permanent is to let your healthcare provider know right away if you develop them.

Which are quoted from: http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/extrapyramidal-symptoms/extrapyramidal-symptoms-p2.html


&


Treatment of Extrapyramidal symptoms:
•The treatment for extrapyramidal symptoms include lowering the dosage of the causative agent consumed by the person and also by using an alternative medication. as quoted from : http://www.symptomwiki.com/extrapyramidal-symptoms








Next, about the other quotation above, please refer to the second excerpts as shown below:


Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), such as akathisia, dystonia, psuedoparkinsonism, and dyskinesia, are drug-induced side effects that can be problematic for persons who receive antipsychotic medications (APMs) or other dopamine-blocking agents. The clinical manifestations include a number of atypical involuntary muscle contractions that influence gait, movement, and posture. The symptoms can develop acutely, be delayed, or overlap making diagnosing a challenge. Preventive interventions include selective prescribing of APMs, close monitoring of uncharacteristic movements through the use of screening instruments, prompt management of symptoms, and thorough client education. Nurse practitioners who do not practice in psychiatric mental health nursing on a regular basis or who infrequently prescribe psychotropic medications must be cautious with these potential life-threatening symptoms.

which is in turn quoted from :

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/561665


Full Details :


http://scienceforums.com/topic/17385-ant...ts/page__st__30

Follow-up: Medicational Antipsychotics / neuroleptics-caused Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)


In regard to the quotations above : Please refer to the Excerpts below :

Neuroleptic-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms


This page was last updated on April 14, 2012

•
Acute Dystonia

•
Parkinsonism

•
Akathisia

•
Tardive Dyskinesia

•
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome





Acute Dystonia
•"Long-lasting contraction or spasm of musculature develops secondary to the use of antipsychotic medication.
•Acute dystonia typically subsides spontaneously within hours after onset.



Common Dystonias



•Torticollis (lateral neck rotation)
•Retrocollis (neck extension)
•Limb torsion
•Forced jaw closing (trismus) or opening
•Tongue protrusion
•Opisthotonus (extension of head, neck, and paraspinal muscles in an arch)
•Oculogyric crisis (forceful eye deviation)……as quoted from: http://nursingplanet.com/psychopharmacology/extrapyramidal_symptoms.html -

Psychopharmacology Reviews


&

The extrapyramidal motor system is a neural network located in the brain that is involved in the coordination of movement. Extrapyramidal symptoms therefore are symptoms that manifest themselves in various movement disorders.
Extrapyramidal symptoms, often known as EPS is a neurological side effect of antipsychotic medication, also known as major tranquilizers. Antipsychotics are used to control psychoses such as schizophrenia but can also be used to treat behavioral disturbances associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Antipsychotic medications include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Melleril) and haloperidol (Haldol).
Extrapyramidal symptoms can begin within a few hours, days or weeks or even years after commencing treatment with an antipsychotic medication.
Extrapyramidal symptoms are most common with the older conventional antipsychotics medications such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Melleril), haloperidol (Haldol). Symptoms of Extrapyramidal side effects
Common signs and symptoms include
• involuntary movements
• Tremors and rigidity
• Body restlessness
• Muscle contractions
• Mask like face
• Involuntary movement of the eye called oculogyric crisis.
• Drooling
• Shuffling gait
• Increased heart rate
• Delirium
Symptoms can be very distressing and frightening.
as quoted from : http://alzheimers.about.com/od/psychiatricmedications/a/extrapyramidal.htm (Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and Alzheimer's disease)

Other Related Information:


http://www.psychvisit.com/conditions/sch...E.html#dystonia


http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-extrapyramidal-symptoms.htm

Antipsychotics & Neuroleptics - Striking a Fine Balance for Such Double-edge Swords


Well, about schizophrenia disorders which are mostly treated with antipsychotics / neuroleptics medications, please consider the excerpts below:



{“Positive Schizophrenia Symptoms Positive symptoms of the disorder are easy-to-spot behaviors not seen in healthy people and usually involve a loss of contact with reality.


These positive symptoms can include:


• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Thought disorder
• Disorders of movement.”}

as quoted from :

http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/schizophrenia/symptoms-of-schizophrenia.html


Next, in regard of the antipsychotics and neuroleptics meant for treatments of schizophrenia , please refer to the excerpts as follows:



{“ Extrapyramidal Symptoms People taking antipsychotic drugs are at risk of developing certain side effects known as extrapyramidal symptoms . These symptoms can include things such as repetitive, involuntary muscle movements (such as lip smacking) or an undeniable urge to be moving constantly . Extrapyramidal symptoms are usually divided into different categories. Dyskinesias are movement disorders, while dystonias are muscle tension disorders . "Tardive" symptoms are those that appear during long-term treatment (often after several years). Unlike earlier symptoms, tardive symptoms are more likely to be permanent even after the medication is stopped. Dyskinesias are movement disorders and can include any of a number of repetitive, involuntary, and purposeless body or facial movements . They can include:


• Tongue movements, such as "tongue thrusts" or "fly-catching" movements
• Lip smacking
• Finger movements
• Eye blinking
• Movements of the arms or legs.


An individual may or may not be aware of these movements. These movements are usually quite recognizable. Tardive dyskinesia is a dyskinesia that occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic medication. Sometimes, this condition may become permanent.


Akathisia is closely related to dyskinesia. Akathisia is an extreme form of internal or external restlessness. It may be a complete inability to sit still, with an undeniable urge to be moving constantly. Or it may be an entirely inner feeling of jitteriness or shakiness. Akathisia can be exhausting and debilitating. In fact, severe akathisia may put an individual at risk for suicide, simply because it can be so unbearable .


Tardive akathisia refers to akathisia that occurs after long-term medication use, and may become permanent. Dystonia is a muscle tension disorder involving very strong muscle contractions. These uncontrollable muscle contractions can cause unusual twisting of parts of the body, especially the neck. The condition can be extremely painful and can affect any part of the body, including the eyes. If it appears after several years of medication use, it is called "tardive dystonia," and may become permanent . Other Extrapyramidal Symptoms There are many more kinds of extrapyramidal symptoms. Sometimes, they resemble Parkinson’s disease, with shuffling-type walking and unusual hand or finger movements . This is called "parkinsonism." Sometimes, the symptoms affect a person's ability to speak or may cause vocal tics (uncontrollable speech or other vocal sounds )”.} as quoted from:


http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/extrapyramidal-symptoms/extrapyramidal-symptoms.html


Next, it’s thus very obvious that the antipsychotics / neuroleptics medications, well, although they remain unquestionably essential in treating Schizophrenia, but nevertheless, the manifestations of their inherent neurological & neurodegenerative side effects as pointed out above, are however, overwhelmingly & potentially and undeniably far dire, if not, deadly than the Schizophrenia disorders itself.


And in all cases, for miscellaneous precautionary purposes, such dopamine antagonist medications (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist ) of antipsychotics / neuroleptics simply should not be overly relied or fed upon to the point of sheer abuses. In short, it is simply undisputed that antipsychotics / neuroleptics alone are simply not the perfect or the only one & single solution to any cognitive disorders.


Whilst as far as antipsychotics / neuroleptics medications are concerned, well, given the very undisputed fact that since most of them are of dopamine antagonist nature ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist ) with a variety of simply inevitable serious side effects ( http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=2055352#i ), there thus have been in fact a great variety of other far better medications with greater curative effects and far lesser harmful side effects getting invented from time to time nowadays by the modern medical science in order to overcome this problem.


Thus, please refer to: http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1530443 /

http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/first-generation-antipsychotics-for-treating-schizophrenia -

Additional Information About Modern And Outdated Neurological-related Medications


As such, their treatments would definitely involve psychotherapies to complement the usages of such medications for holistic healings .


Next, since different types of non-medication psychotherapy treatments undeniably applies to different individuals needing psychiatric treatments given their respectively different temperaments, characters, traits, personalities etc. . that simply vary from one another, then these duly certified professionals thus would need to be tactful and attentive to all the emotional & psychological needs and patterns of the ones they treat and attend to so as to effectively deliver genuinely & progressively better and better reliefs, cures and healings to these people.


Whilst generally & objectively, surely under whatsoever circumstances, anyone would certainly & positively expect any fully certified and licensed medical practitioners to simply ensure that the medical conditions of the ones or anyone they treat and attend to just get better and better from time to time rather than from bad to worse.


Next, objectively and reasonably , surely anyone would never expect and simply could never accept that for the related persons seeking treatments and getting treated, well, after getting treated and attended to by all the related fully certified & licensed professionals, well, rather than getting their original medical conditions gradually & progressively mitigated and improved better and better in a fully genuine way from time to time, as reasonably expected by anyone, well, just fully & on the contrary or the other way round, have their medical conditions ending up to be far worse off than the ones before getting treated, for example, by developing & contracting all these extra far worse neurological and neurodegenerative disorders of Extrapyramidal Symptoms, Dystonia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease etc. as explained & elaborated through the points above.

Fees-seeking Psychiatrist & Their Fees-paying Patients – Everyone Has All the Undisputed Rights & Responsibilities On Any Grounds to Safeguard the Best Possible Interests of Their Personal Heath Cares & Well-beings




Generally and objectively, the psychiatric patients invariably all would have their individual needs for professional psychiatric treatments in the first place for a variety of related reasons such as stress etc., and thus, that just lead them to seeking professional psychiatric treatments, or else, such individuals wouldn’t have been seen or deemed as psychiatric patients at all if such a need for professional psychiatric treatments obviously, generally and objectively simply do not arise or exist at all.


Next, since getting & seeking professional psychiatric treatments invariably involves paying medical fees, then the medical-fees-paying psychiatric patients seeking psychiatric treatments, are reasonably & naturally entitled to the best possible desired & expected treatments & outcomes from the related duly licensed & certified psychiatric treatments whilst the duly licensed & certified psychiatrists themselves at the same time also by their very occupational professional ethics & personal medical consciences, are also obligated, especially given that they are paid, to ensure that the conditions of the ones they treat and attend to just get better and better from time to time rather than from bad to worse, then of course the related medical-fees-paying psychiatric patients thus have all the rights either on medical-fees-paying ground or simply for the sake of personal health cares and well-beings, to determine or to switch to other much better duly licensed & certified psychiatrists that are able to serve them better so as to be able to deliver much better curative & therapeutic outcomes to these patients that in turn at least meet their curative & therapeutic needs and purposes in line with the medical fees they pay.


Whilst as far as psychiatric medications are concerned, well, given the very undisputed fact that since most of them are of dopamine antagonist nature ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist ) with a variety of simply inevitable serious side effects ( http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=2055352#i ), there thus have been in fact a great variety of other far better medications with greater curative effects and far lesser harmful side effects getting invented from time to time nowadays by the modern medical science in order to overcome this problem. Thus, please refer to: http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1530443
- Additional Information About Modern And Outdated Neurological-related Medications


And as such, in the case whereby any duly licensed & certified psychiatrists, maybe for personal self-serving profit-making reasons just simply insist to dispense totally outdated psychiatric medications which are far cheaper and “cost-effective” but nevertheless inherent with all the dangerous side effects ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms )compared to the later or latest ones to their medical-fees-paying psychiatric patients seeking professional psychiatric treatments, in a way that totally disregards the health cares, medical well-beings & welfares of their medical-fees-paying patients, then of course the related medical-fees-paying patients, thus have all the rights to refuse to get treated in such a perilous way, so as maybe to switch to other duly licensed & certified psychiatrists who are able and are conscientious enough to take good care them, and in this case in terms of medication usage.


In short, the medical-fees-paying psychiatric patients seeking psychiatric treatments naturally & reasonably do have all the rights to refuse and reject any types of psychiatric medicine usage especially when the intakes of the specific medicines are obviously, potentially or simply proven to be perilous to their health conditions such as one of the many examples mentioned above.


Next, in terms of treatment methods, well, since professional psychiatric treatments undisputedly involved psychotherapy as well apart from medications alone, whilst different types of professional non-medication psychotherapy treatment undeniably applies to different fees-paying individuals seeking professional psychiatric treatments given their respectively different temperaments, characters, traits, personalities etc. that simply vary from one another, then of course the medical-fees-paying psychiatric patients seeking professional psychiatric treatments certainly do have all the rights to choose and to switch to other fees-receiving duly licensed & certified psychiatrists who are able to deliver much better, in this case, professional medication-and-psychotherapy treatment methods and cures that best suit , neatly-tailored to the specific curative and therapeutic needs of these fees-paying psychiatric patients simply for the sake of the respectively & individually different needs of their healthcare, medical welfare and well-beings based on the medical fees they pay.


And it is especially true when the related professional treatment methods administered by the fees-receiving duly licensed & certified psychiatrists simply could not work out anything satisfactory or positive at all to the fees-paying psychiatric patients.


All in all, it’s all about the breadth of the medical expertise, prowess, ingenuity, skillfulness, resourcefulness and medical consciences, ethical & all other professional issues, or in short, how useful & conscientious these fees-receiving duly licensed & certified psychiatrists really are in practically treating and genuinely & progressively improving the psychiatric conditions of the fees-paying psychiatric patients seeking professional psychiatric treatments from them that would eventually matter afterall.