Dopamine & Mental Disorders



Dopamine is actually one of the main neurotransmitters chemicals secreted and released by the countless of neurons (nerve cells) and brain cells of our miscellaneous bodily nervous systems and brains. Whilst the other main neurotransmitters chemicals would be Serotonin which plays the important role in "determining" how we feel based on whatever we see / perceive.



And well, the main function of the fluidly neurotransmitters chemical dopamine, which exist everywhere and anywhere in our human bodies and within the miscellaneous nervous systems, and "work" closely, mechanically and spontaneously with one another, is actually to control and co-ordinate our human bodily movements through their synaptic activities.



Basically, the synaptic activities is all about sending and receiving the various nerve and sensory impulses (originating from our sensory perceptions, feelings and thoughts) to the brains along the miscellaneous bodily nervous systems so that all the human bodily movements can be conducted freely at will by any normal human beings.



Nevertheless, the synaptic activities of the neurotransmitters chemical dopamine, in certain cases, can be interrupted and disrupted by the artificial curative mechanisms of certain medications, especially the mind-altering drugs such as antipsychotics / neuroleptics that serve to numb the cognitive senses of the brains by preventing the "neuro-traffics" of such nerve and sensory impulses from getting sent to / from the brains, resulting thus in miscellaneous neurological and neuromuscular disorders which are caused by interruptions to the synaptic activities of the neurotransmitters chemical, dopamine.



As such, please consider the excerpts below :

"All antipsychotic drugs tend to block D2 receptors in the dopamine pathways of the brain. This means that dopamine released in these pathways has less effect. Excess release of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway has been linked to psychotic experiences. It is the blockade of dopamine receptors in this pathway that is thought to control psychotic experiences"

which are quoted from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotics



In such a connection, the neurological and neuromuscular disorders caused by interruptions to the neurotransmitters chemical dopamine would be especially the movement disorders of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) , Tardive Dyskinesia, Dystonia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), Parkinsonism etc.


Hence, please consider the excerpts below :

"Dyskinesias are movement disorders and can include any of a number of repetitive, involuntary, and purposeless body or facial movements.
They can include:

Tongue movements, such as "tongue thrusts" or "fly-catching" movements
Lip smacking
Finger movements
Eye blinking
Movements of the arms or legs.

An individual may or may not be aware of these movements. These movements are usually quite recognizable, and many people fear that others will know they are taking an antipsychotic medication due to these unusual movements.

Tardive dyskinesia is a dyskinesia that occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic medication. Sometimes, this condition may become permanent."

which are quoted from :

http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/extrapyramidal-symptoms/extrapyramidal-symptoms.html



Other Related Information :


Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) :

http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/tardive-dyskinesia/tardive-dyskinesia.html



Antipsychotics :

http://schizophrenia.emedtv.com/antipsychotics/antipsychotics.html




Related Information About Synaptic Activities Disorders of Neurotransmitters Dopamine & The Related Cures For Them :



http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1631689#i

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1428915#i

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1428920#i

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1233341#i

Miscellaneous Nervous Systems & Neurotransmitters



Well, apart from the well-known central nervous system, there are other nervous systems such as peripheral nervous system, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous systems etc in our human bodies that co-ordinate with one another through the ubiquitous neuron networks to maintain the all the normal functionings of our human bodies.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Nervous_System - Central nervous system (CNS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system - Peripheral nervous system (PNS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system - Autonomic nervous system (ANS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system - Somatic nervous system (SNS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system - Enteric nervous system (ENS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system - Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system - parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)



As for the different types of neurotransmitters, they would include dopamine, serotonin, Amino acids, glutamate, aspartate, serine, ã-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, Monoamines, norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NE, NA), epinephrine (adrenaline), histamine, melatonin, acetylcholine (ACh), adenosine, anandamide, nitric oxide, etc which are secreted and released by neurons (nerve cells) and brain cells in the human bodies of these miscellaneous nervous systems as mentioned above along with the ubiquitous neuron networks of our human bodies to maintain the normal functioningis of our human bodies.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter - Neurotransmitters



Next, if the synaptic activities of these neurons (nerve cells), brain cells, miscellaneous nervous systems and the ubiquitous neuron networks are interrupted and disrupted by the disastrous side effects of medications, the resulting medical consequences would in totally inconceivable and unimaginable such as what I have explained earlier on in my prior posts above.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synapse - Chemical synapse / Synaptic activities

Included below is a conversation between me and the other third party about mental disorders & illnesses, the advantageous, disadvantageous of the medications for such illnesses and disorders as well as how such medications actually work in reality and what purposes they are supposed to serve along with several flaws, defects and demerits of the modern mainstream medical science and system. Next I hope that the information provided will be useful and helpful to the intended readers.



Remarks from the other person :

"Speaking of neurotransmitters, much is made by the medical community about their alleged central role in depression and anxiety. However, this is largely unproven."




My replies :

Well, it's totally undeniable that human bodies depend on the neurological mechanisms of neuron, brains, neuron networks, miscellaneous nervous systems, the many types of neurotransmitters chemical for all our bodily functionings which include cognitive and movement abilities etc. And that's the reason why the people with Parkinsonism, Dementia, Alzheimers etc whose brain cells and neurons have been substantially destroyed (and hence no neurotransmitter chemicals can be released / secreted out of them) could not think, act and behave properly at all.



Remarks from the other person :

"There is, for instance, no lab test that can be done to show that depression or anxiety sufferers do indeed suffer from low serotonin levels. And even if depression and anxiety sufferers indeed DO tend to suffer from low serotonin levels, this does NOT establish a causal relationship between low serotonin and depression/anxiety. Low serotonin may simply be a RESULT of suffering from anxiety disorder. Also, more than likely, serotonin is probably low only in specific parts of the brain (but normal or even above normal in other parts of the brain). All of this certainly explains why globally increasing serotonin levels with drugs like SSRIs typically does not give entirely satisfactory results. "



My replies :

In fact, the drugs like Prozac etc could only temporarily and artificially restore the chemical balance of the brains of the mentally-ill people by re-uptaking and maintaing the proper balance of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter chemicals of their brains. However, since such an artificial medical mechanism is all by way of "forced suppression" so as to artificially blocking any nerve and sensory impulses from getting sent and receive to and from the brains, and hence, artificially blocking the "neuron network traffics" the mental conditions of the related mentally-ill people would then suffer a greater relapse of their mental illnesses when the therapeutical effects of such "forced suppressions" of each dosage of the related medications just lapse completely, while the previously medication-forced- suppressed nerve and sensory impulses would just turn violent and out-of-control (when they are no longer artificially suppressed by medications anymore) and manifest in far worse uncontrollable and involuntary behavioural and personality changes in the related mentally-ill people. Hence, that's why in such cases the cures are worse than the diseases themselves.



So, that's why I have said that other non-medicational efforts such as what I have mentioned and explained earlier on in my previous posts are primarily important in genuinely and permanently restoring the sanities of the mentally-ill people bit by bit and step by step.


Remarks from the other person :

"As for antipsychotics and dopamine, once again, dopamine levels may be out of balance in people suffering from psychosis. But it is impossible to say whether this is the actual cause. And since, like antidepressants, antipsychotics generally do not produce entirely satisfactory results, I would suspect that there is probably MUCH more to psychosis than a simple chemical imbalance."



My replies :

As a matter of fact, everything has its shortcomings, flaws and defects. For example, in the case of people suffering from Tardive Dyskinesia, Dystonia and other movement disorders due to interruptions and disruptions to the synaptic activities of the neurotransmitter chemical dopamine, well, given that such fluidly and nearly totally transparent neurotransmitter chemical secreted by countless neurons and brain cells are hardly observable and distinguishable by any medical examinations such as MRI, CT-scannings etc whereby the people with Tardive Dyskinesia, Dystonia etc would obviously show their involuntary and uncontrollable movement disorders to the related doctors, nevertheless, no conclusive medical examinations, observations, diagnosis supported by any hard evidences can be given at the same time. So, that's why under such scenarios and phenomena, such movement disorders are labelled as "undiagnosed diseases".



Next, I suffer from Tardive Dyskinesia before and my efforts of seeking the mainstream treatments from the western medical science just turn out to be totally futile such as the scenarios and phenomena explained above. And the fact that my Tardive Dyskinesia movement disorders are totally cured once-and-for-all about 6 years ago through a totally needle-free acupuncture / acupressure technique, which has fully cured countless of people having the same problem as mine so far, and well, the flaw and defect of this acupuncture / acupressure technique is such that, regardless of the ongoing ample empirical evidences about its obviously evident and prompt efficacies, the mainstream western medical science still would not recognise the validity of it simply for the mere reason that the healing mechanisms of such a totally needle-free acupuncture / acupressure technique are not be able to be observed, explored and studied by them, regardless of its obviously evident, prompt and 100 % healing efficacies as supported by more and more countless empirical evidences.



In such a connection, what I wish to say is that for anything that we do not know or have not yet known, it doesn't mean that they are phoney, fallacious or non-existent.



All in all, under any circumstances, I firmly and reasonably believe that for any patients / people seeking treatments for any of their illnesses, especially the desperate ones, I reckon that they would want the best and most effective treatments for themselves under any circumstances and situations. Anyhow, for anyone seeking treatments for their illnesses, their sole and only purpose is to get their illnesses and disorders totally cured, and preferably, once and for all.


Further Details :

http://www.anxietyforum.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6974&highlight=

What A Patient Wants From Seeking Treatments ?



Included below is a conversation between me and the other third party about mental disorders & illnesses, the advantageous, disadvantageous of the medications for such illnesses and disorders as well as how such medications actually work in reality and what purposes they are supposed to serve along with several flaws, defects and demerits of the modern mainstream medical science and system. Next I hope that the information provided will be useful and helpful to the intended readers.



Remarks from the other person :

"Speaking of neurotransmitters, much is made by the medical community about their alleged central role in depression and anxiety. However, this is largely unproven."




My replies :

Well, it's totally undeniable that human bodies depend on the neurological mechanisms of neuron, brains, neuron networks, miscellaneous nervous systems, the many types of neurotransmitters chemical for all our bodily functionings which include cognitive and movement abilities etc. And that's the reason why the people with Parkinsonism, Dementia, Alzheimers etc whose brain cells and neurons have been substantially destroyed (and hence no neurotransmitter chemicals can be released / secreted out of them) could not think, act and behave properly at all.



Remarks from the other person :

"There is, for instance, no lab test that can be done to show that depression or anxiety sufferers do indeed suffer from low serotonin levels. And even if depression and anxiety sufferers indeed DO tend to suffer from low serotonin levels, this does NOT establish a causal relationship between low serotonin and depression/anxiety. Low serotonin may simply be a RESULT of suffering from anxiety disorder. Also, more than likely, serotonin is probably low only in specific parts of the brain (but normal or even above normal in other parts of the brain). All of this certainly explains why globally increasing serotonin levels with drugs like SSRIs typically does not give entirely satisfactory results. "



My replies :

In fact, the drugs like Prozac etc could only temporarily and artificially restore the chemical balance of the brains of the mentally-ill people by re-uptaking and maintaing the proper balance of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter chemicals of their brains. However, since such an artificial medical mechanism is all by way of "forced suppression" so as to artificially blocking any nerve and sensory impulses from getting sent and receive to and from the brains, and hence, artificially blocking the "neuron network traffics" the mental conditions of the related mentally-ill people would then suffer a greater relapse of their mental illnesses when the therapeutical effects of such "forced suppressions" of each dosage of the related medications just lapse completely, while the previously medication-forced- suppressed nerve and sensory impulses would just turn violent and out-of-control (when they are no longer artificially suppressed by medications anymore) and manifest in far worse uncontrollable and involuntary behavioural and personality changes in the related mentally-ill people. Hence, that's why in such cases, the cures are worse than the diseases themselves .



So, that's why I have said that other non-medicational efforts such as what I have mentioned and explained earlier on in my previous posts are primarily important in genuinely and permanently restoring the sanities of the mentally-ill people bit by bit and step by step.


Remarks from the other person :

"As for antipsychotics and dopamine, once again, dopamine levels may be out of balance in people suffering from psychosis. But it is impossible to say whether this is the actual cause. And since, like antidepressants, antipsychotics generally do not produce entirely satisfactory results, I would suspect that there is probably MUCH more to psychosis than a simple chemical imbalance."



My replies :

As a matter of fact, everything has its shortcomings, flaws and defects. For example, in the case of people suffering from Tardive Dyskinesia, Dystonia and other movement disorders due to interruptions and disruptions to the synaptic activities of the neurotransmitter chemical dopamine, well, given that such fluidly and nearly totally transparent neurotransmitter chemical secreted by countless neurons and brain cells are hardly observable and distinguishable by any medical examinations such as MRI, CT-scannings etc whereby the people with Tardive Dyskinesia, Dystonia etc would obviously show their involuntary and uncontrollable movement disorders to the related doctors, nevertheless, no conclusive medical examinations, observations, diagnosis supported by any hard evidences can be given at the same time. So, that's why under such scenarios and phenomena, such movement disorders are labelled as "undiagnosed diseases".



Next, I suffer from Tardive Dyskinesia (medication-induced rapid, involuntary, uncontrollable, purposeless Blepharospasm / chronic eye-blinking / eyelid twitching & Hemifacial Spasms (uncontrollable twisted mouth etc) before and my efforts of seeking the mainstream treatments from the western medical science just turn out to be totally futile such as the scenarios and phenomena explained above. And the fact that my Tardive Dyskinesia movement disorders are totally cured once-and-for-all about 6 years ago through a totally needle-free acupuncture / acupressure technique, which has fully cured countless of people having the same problem as mine so far, and well, the flaw and defect of this acupuncture / acupressure technique is such that, regardless of the ongoing ample empirical evidences about its obviously evident and prompt efficacies, the mainstream western medical science still would not recognise the validity of it simply for the mere reason that the healing mechanisms of such a totally needle-free acupuncture / acupressure technique are not be able to be observed, explored and studied by them, regardless of its obviously evident, prompt and 100 % healing efficacies as supported by more and more countless empirical evidences.



In such a connection, what I wish to say is that for anything that we do not know or have not yet known, it doesn't mean that they are phoney, fallacious or non-existent.



All in all, under any circumstances, I firmly and reasonably believe that for any patients / people seeking treatments for any of their illnesses, especially the desperate ones, I reckon that they would want the best and most effective treatments for themselves under any circumstances and situations. Anyhow, for anyone seeking treatments for their illnesses, their sole and only purpose is to get their illnesses and disorders totally cured, and preferably, once and for all.


Further Details :

http://www.anxietyforum.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6974&highlight=



Related Information :


http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1631689#i (Various Possible Medical Causes of Unusual Eyelid Twitching / Eye Blinking - Brief Explanations)

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1428915#i (Chronic Rapid (Non-brain-damage-induced)Eyelid-twitching / Eye-blinking - Brief Medical Explanations)

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1428920#i (Follow Up : Tardive Dyskinesia (Chronic Rapid Eyelid-twitching /Eye-blinking Is One of The Common Symptoms)

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1470781#i (Why Botox Didn't Work ?)

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1233341#i (A New Version For The Totally, Self-administered, Totally Needle-free, Totally Free-Of-Charge, Painless, Harmless Acupuncture / Acupressure Cure For Non-stop Persistent Rapid Eyelid-twitching / Eye-blinking - Meant For Promptly Immediate, complete & Once-and-for-all treatments)

http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1386471#i(The Story Behind The Suggested Totally Self-administered, Totally Needle-free, Totally Free-of-charge, Painless, Harmless Acupuncture / Acupressure Technique For Abnormally Rapid Eyelid-twitching / Eye-blinking Described Above)

Disastrous Side Effects of Certain Hazardous Medications and Medical Care for Tender-aged Children / Kids & Senile and Fragile Old People - An Important Point To Take Note



Well, regarding the various medications for mental disorers, especially the longly-outdated first-generation ones such as the ones mentioned in the prior posts above (Please refer to page 1), actually one very obvious flaw / defect about the prior and existing drugs / medications approval systems and procedures before and nowadays is such that, for all / most of the drugs / medications, especially the ones with potentially and largely unknown disastrous side effects approved by such accredited medical professional bodies such as FDA etc, whilst in these cases, medications for mental disorders especially the serious psychosis disorders (in contrast to the mild neurosis disorders), the usability and viability of them in most cases, are officially established and endorsed virtually through their repeated testings and experimentations on the voluntarily willing / and in most cases, recruited paid and contract-bound candidates, or rather guinea pigs who are invariably all the fully grown adults, especially the ones with stronger physiques who have been regularly and frequently recruited for and exposed to such drugs / medications testings and experimentations from time to time, and hence naturally such candidates would have reasonably developed and possessed stronger-than-usual immune systems over time compared to other normal healthy people, as well as substantially greater tolerances to the adverse (neurological / neuromuscular / neuro-degenerative) side effects of such tested / experimented drugs and medications, especially after they have gone through so many drugs / medications testings and experimentations.



Hence, regardless of the official positive results produced, verified and announced through the drugs / medications testings and experimentations conducted in such a questionable way, given that there is such an explicit discrepancy in terms of the standards and yardsticks applied by such professional medical organisations in the process of approving such drugs / medications, especially the ones with serious side effects, the usability and viability of the related drugs and medications officially approved as such, are thus reasonably and very much open to questions particularly when they are being prescribed, dispensed, used and taken by the end users whose immune systems are not as great and strong as the drug / medications testings candidates or rather, guinea pigs as described above.



As such, reasonably, regardless of the very undeniable facts that constructive positive changes and improvements to such long-standing rigid practices and procedures which are fraught with many technical drawbacks and discrepancies (and hence, are medically unfavourable to the normal healthy end users) are practically, logistically and realistically unenforceable, infeasible, or rather, nearly impossible due to a variety of unfavourable factors and restrictive limitations that can hardly be overcome, I nevertheless would like to take this opportunity to inspire a greater awareness and emphasize that well-informed, careful and discreet precautions should reasonably be taken by the related end users of the related drugs / medications, especially in line with the topic above, for the sake of medical health cares and well-beings of the small tender-aged kids / children and the senile & fragile old people whose immune systems are either far more less developed or seriously deteriorating in the latter cases (compared to those guinea pigs as described above), particularly when it comes to taking any medications with any potentially disastrous side effects so as to prevent the eventual unwanted, undesirable, and quite often, unexpected manifestations of such disastrous side effects of the related drugs / medications.

Needle-free Acupuncture / Acupressure Cure For Chronic Blepharospasm / Eyelid Twitching / Eye Blinking Caused By Tardive Dyskinesia / Disastrous Side Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs ? / Brief Summary of The Related Posts Above




Well, basically, acupuncture is the traditional Chinese methodology of the insertion of very fine needles into specific points on the body to relieve various ailments.



Well, basic principles as stipulated above generally is one thing which, under most of the circumstances are hardly disputable. Nevertheless, there would always be an exception to these fundamental rules, especially the one which would turn out to be immeasurably and prodigiously beneficial to numerous needy persons.



Articles About Self-administered, Simple, Needle-free, Free-Of-Charge, Painless, Harmless, Speedy & Once-and-for-all Acupuncture / Acupressure Cure For Non-stop Persistent Tardive Dyskinesia / Medication-induced Rapid Eyelid-twitching / Eye-blinking / Blepharospasm :


http://www.acupuncture.com.au/forum/viewtopic.php?t=308



Lastly, I sincerely hope that the related articles included in this post would turn out to be informatively and therapeutically useful to the numerous others.

Kindly Support These Charity and Humanitarian Causes




Lastly, I sincerely hope that the related articles which are posted, especially the ones elaborating the needle-free acupuncture / acupressure cure for chronic Blepharospasm / abnormally serious rapid incessant eyelid twitching / eye blinking disorders along with essentially their underlying not-widely-known and yet veracious and unvarnised pathological / medical causes, that are told purely for charity purposes and on humanitarian grounds will continue to get widely promoted & recommended by more and more kind and benevolent others so that more and more people suffering from the related eye disorders will be able to deal with their conditions accordingly and effectively towards the goals of full recoveries and getting back their normal life and promising futures.




http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1233341 - A New Version For The Self-administered Needle-free Free-Of-Charge Acupuncture Cure For Non-stop Persistent Rapid Eyelid-twitching / Eye-blinking


http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1673263 - Acclaimed Efficacies of The Suggested Self-administered, Needle-free, Free-of-charge Acupuncture Method and Appealed Humanitarian Causes For The Numerous Poor And Needy Others


http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1729694#i - Another Recent Online Third-party Testimonial About The Acclaimed Efficacies of The Suggested Self-administered, Totally Needle-free, Totally Free-of-charge, Painless, Harmless, Simple Acupuncture / Acupressure Method & Appealed Humanitarian Causes For The Numerous Poor And Needy Others

Kindly Support These Charity & Humanitarian Causes - Tardive Dyskinesia and Medical Care for Tender-aged Children and Kids



For your kind information, in terms of medication-induced chronic Blepharospasm / eye twitching / eye blinking disorders, the ones seeking helps and advices from me so far over these couple of years are mainly, mostly and in majority, all the grown adults who suffer from such chronic Blepharospasm / eye blinking / eye twitching ever since their teenage years, and the ones who are in their 20s - 60s. Whilst as a matter of fact, there are actually certain Tardive Dyskinesia-related medications such as metoclopramide (Reglan), prochlorperazine (Compazine) - being medications for gastrointestinal problems, promethazine (Phenergan) - being medications for cough and so on that are often prescribed to children nowadays which may also have disastrous and very serious nerve-damaging side effect of muscle deformity that would affect the rest of their lives. Besides, given the very fact that the immune system of small children / kids are far less developed compared to grown adults, such small children / kids are thus far more vulnerable and susceptible to the strong and powerful neurological / neuromuscular side effects of such potentially nerve-disrupting medications compared to the grown adults. Therefore, extreme and well-informed precautions and measures should be vigorously taken when it comes to safeguarding the medical cares, welfares and well-beings of the tender-aged and underage children / kids so as to conscientiously and effectively protect them from any unwanted and unexpected harms of any medications with harmful side effects.



Tardive Dyskinesia :


http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1428920#i



Further Details About The Medications Specified Above :


Metoclopramide :


http://www.drugs.com/metoclopramide.html



Reglan :


http://www.drugs.com/reglan.html



prochlorperazine :


http://www.drugs.com/mtm/prochlorperazine.html



Compazine :


http://www.drugs.com/mtm/compazine.html



Promethazine :


http://www.drugs.com/promethazine.html



Phenergan :


http://www.drugs.com/phenergan.html




Other In-depth details


http://www.al.com/forums/health/index.ssf?extlink?artid=2115